What is Black Box Testing?
Black Box Testing focuses on verifying the input and output of the system without looking into the internal code implementation. Testers only check whether the system behaves as expected for given inputs.
Objectives of Black Box Testing
- Validate software functionality as per requirements
- Identify incorrect or missing functions
- Check user interface behavior
- Verify system usability and performance
Advantages
- No need to know programming or internal logic
- Focuses on customer requirements and usability
- Effective for large systems and acceptance testing
- Helps uncover missing functionalities
Limitations
- Limited coverage since internal paths are not tested
- Inefficient for complex algorithms
- Redundant test cases possible
Black Box Testing Process
- Understand system requirements and specifications
- Identify valid and invalid inputs
- Design test cases based on expected outputs
- Execute tests without considering internal code
- Compare actual results with expected results
️Example
Example: Testing a login form by entering valid and invalid credentials. The tester checks if correct login is allowed and invalid login is rejected, without seeing how authentication is coded.
Best Practices
- Use equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis
- Test both valid and invalid inputs
- Combine with White Box Testing for better coverage
- Focus on user perspective and requirements
